SUM
=SUM(range1, [range2], ...)
Add up numbers in a range. The most-used Excel function on earth. Works with single ranges, multiple ranges, or individual values.
SUM Complete Guide →Math & Statistics Functions
The numeric workhorses of Excel. From simple SUM to advanced statistical analysis — everything for calculating, aggregating, rounding, and forecasting.
Excel's math and statistics category is the largest in the language — over 200 functions covering everything from basic arithmetic to advanced statistical distributions. Most people use ten of them daily. Analysts and researchers use dozens more. This page organizes them into seven sub-groups so you can find what you need.
The core five
SUMIF / SUMIFS
=SUMIFS(sum_range, criteria_range1, criteria1, ...)
Add up numbers that meet one or more conditions. SUMIFS is the multi-criteria version — use it by default even for one criterion.
SUMIF / SUMIFS Guide →AVERAGE / AVERAGEIF
=AVERAGEIFS(avg_range, criteria_range1, criteria1)
Calculate the arithmetic mean. AVERAGEIFS lets you filter by criteria. Ignores blank cells (which SUM/count(non-blank) does not).
AVERAGE Complete Guide →ROUND / ROUNDUP / ROUNDDOWN
=ROUND(number, num_digits)
Round to a specific number of decimal places. Also handles rounding to whole numbers, tens, hundreds, or thousands with negative digits.
ROUND Family Guide →Browse by sub-group
Basic Arithmetic
12 functions
Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and modulo operations.
Conditional Aggregation
14 functions
Sum, count, average, min, max — but only cells that meet criteria.
Rounding & Truncation
10 functions
Different ways to round — decimals, up, down, nearest multiple, or truncate.
Counting
8 functions
Count numbers, text, blanks, or cells meeting conditions.
Descriptive Statistics
40+ functions
Mean, median, mode, standard deviation, variance, percentiles, quartiles.
Ranking & Extremes
15 functions
Find largest, smallest, rank values, or return the nth largest/smallest.
Statistical Distributions
30+ functions
Normal, binomial, Poisson, chi-squared, t, F — probability density and cumulative.
Regression & Forecasting
15 functions
Linear regression, exponential fits, forecasting, correlation, covariance.
Trig & Logarithms
30 functions
Sine, cosine, tangent, natural log, log base 10, exponentials, pi, radians.
Random Numbers
5 functions
Generate random numbers, random values from a range, or random arrays.
Matrix Math
10 functions
Matrix multiplication, determinants, inverses, transpose, and unit matrices.
Subtotals & Aggregation
6 functions
SUBTOTAL and AGGREGATE — powerful multi-function aggregators that ignore filtered rows.
Frequently asked questions
SUMIF or SUMIFS — which should I use?
Use SUMIFS even for a single criterion. It's slightly more verbose, but you get consistent syntax as your formulas grow, and you never have to rewrite when you add a second condition later.
SUMPRODUCT is old — should I still learn it?
Yes. SUMPRODUCT is still one of the most powerful functions in Excel — it handles array math that even dynamic array functions can't in some cases. Worth 30 minutes to learn.
What's the difference between AVERAGE and AVERAGEA?
AVERAGE ignores text and logical values. AVERAGEA treats them as 0 (text) or 1 (TRUE). Use AVERAGE by default; AVERAGEA only if you specifically want text-as-zero behavior.
Why do some stat functions have dots (NORM.DIST) and others don't (NORMDIST)?
The dot versions are newer (Excel 2010+) and mathematically identical to the old ones, kept for backward compatibility. Always use the dot versions — they're the supported future.
How do I get random numbers that don't recalculate?
RAND and RANDBETWEEN recalculate on every workbook change. To freeze the values, generate them, then copy-paste as values (Ctrl+Shift+V → Values only).
Analyst-grade formulas, generated in seconds.
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